As you’re biting into that nice, juicy king-size burger, have you ever thought how much you’re contributing to global warming?

I hadn’t. Cattle, though, are a major problem for the environment. As cows are busy munching away in their pastures, their multiple stomachs are producing methane.

Methane is a particularly potent greenhouse gas, 25 times more powerful than carbon dioxide for global warming. According to The Journal of Animal Science, livestock produce between 250 and 500 litres of methane every single day! At the top end of the estimate, that enough to fill 250 large bottles of Coke.

And what’s worse, there are estimated to be 1.5 billion livestock around the globe. If the average animal produces 350 litres of methane daily, then that’s 525 billion litres of methane being released into the atmosphere each day. And then there are about a billion sheep and 800 million goats.

What about pigs? There are a billion pigs, but they produce much less methane than cows.

As countries have got richer, demand for meat has increased in the last 50 years by about 500 per cent.

The livestock sector is by far the single largest use by humans of land. Grazing occupies 26 percent of the Earth‘s terrestrial surface, while feed crop production requires about a third of all arable land.

Expansion of grazing land for livestock is a key factor in deforestation, especially in Latin America. Some 70 percent of previously forested land in the Amazon is used as pasture, and feed crops cover a large part of the reminder. About 70 percent of all grazing land in dry areas is considered degraded, mostly because of overgrazing, compaction and erosion attributable to livestock activity.

There are other serious problems with livestock that contribute to global warming. The United Nations’ Food & Agriculture Organization (UN FAO) estimated that livestock are responsible for 18 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, a bigger share than that of transport.

Livestock farming accounts for nine percent of man-made carbon dioxide emissions, most of it due to expansion of pastures and arable land for feed crops. It generates even bigger shares of emissions of other gases with greater potential to warm the atmosphere: as much as 37 percent of methane from humans’ activities, mostly from fermentation by cows and other ruminants, and 65 percent of nitrous oxide created by man’s activities, mostly from manure.

According to the UN FAO, the average American eats about 275 pounds of meat per year (more than any other country). The average Chinese eats 108 pounds per year (Earth Policy Insitute, 2005). According to a 2005 FAO study on meat consumption between 1998 – 2002, the average meat consumption per Chinese is 52 kg, compared to Americans at 125 kg, and Britain at 80 kg.   note:  there are smaller countries which (on average, per person) consume a little more meat than the US – 300 mil. people (for example: New Zealand – 4 mil. people, Denmark 5.5 mil. people, and some countries which consume around the same amount of meat. If the whole world ate meat at the American rate, only 2/5 of the world’s population (2.5 billion people) would be fed (Lester Brown).

Some countries are taking the problem seriously. For example, Germany’s environment agency has recommended that Germans should eat less meat, if they want to lower their carbon footprint and stop global warming.

Speaking at Berlin’s Grüne Woche (Green Week), Andreas Troge, president of the UBA (Germany’s environment agency) said:

“We must rethink our high meat consumption. I recommend people return to the Sunday roast and to an orientation of their eating habits around those of Mediterranean countries.”

Troge said that agriculture caused 15% of Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions. Meat production, he explained, was the most energy-intensive form of farming. Germans derive a high percentage of their calories from meat, 39% compared to the Italians’ 25%.

The US Environmental Protection Agency wanted to tax cattle, but this plan seems to have been dropped after protests from the powerful farming lobby.

So next time I’m in the supermarket, Quorn burgers are going in my basket!

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Have you got a draw full of obsolete mobile phone chargers? Every different brand of phone seems to have a different design of charger. But now the phone industry has tackled the problem.

From 2012, most manufacturers (with the notable exceptions of Apple and HTC) will adopt the micro-USB standard.

This is great for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. Adopting a standard charger should half the number of chargers produced every year. Standardization should save carbon emissions as an estimated 51 tonnes of chargers won’t be necessary.

Economies of scale from manufacturing a single standard charger should mean savings in greenhouse gas emissions from the reduced production and transport costs. These carbon savings are estimated to be a staggering 13.6 million to 21.8 million tons of greenhouse gases every year.

For the consumer, there’s another advantage as well as the convenience of the new chargers. They’re likely to at least three times more efficient than existing models.

And as they’re likely to be used longer, manufacturers selling in the European Union are likely to save money. EU legislation makes manufacturers responsible for recycling old electrical equipment, so fewer chargers means less to recycle.

A win, win situation all round!

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1.Consider buying a laptop and docking station instead of a new desktop – laptops are much more energy efficient.

2.Look for the Energy Star logos on any computer equipment you buy – products with the Energy Star logo must use power below set levels and go into ‘hibernation’ when switched on but not in use.

3.Get rid of computer screensavers – they consume unnecessary power.

4.Buy a photocopier that uses low melting-point inks – the lower the temperature that fuses the toner to the paper, the less power that is used.

5.Switch off electrical equipment when it’s not being used – the average office could save about £6000 a year by doing this according to the Carbon Trust.

6.Check your office’s energy use – install an energy monitor so that you can accurately measure the amount of energy actually being used.

7.Use LCD monitors – they use far less energy than traditional cathode-ray tube models. They also have other benefits for global warming – they’re lighter, use less packaging and so use less energy to transport.

8.Check the power consumption of your fax machine in standby mode – fax machines spend most of their time waiting for faxes, so low energy consumption in standby mode saves money and carbon emissions.

9.Get |Green Electricity – sign up up for your energy company’s green tariff so tat your office’s electricity is coming from eco-friendly sources.

10. Don’t turn the heating up unless you need to – a one degree increase can raise your heating bills by 8%.

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